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Introduction
Line-following robots are a fascinating project for hobbyists and engineers alike, serving as a stepping stone into the world of robotics. They use sensors to detect and follow a line on the ground, typically a black line on a white surface or vice versa. In this project, you’ll learn how to build a two-wheel drive (2WD) line-following robot car using an Arduino Uno R3, L298N motor driver, TCRT5000 5-way infrared (IR) sensor module, and a smart car chassis.
This guide will walk you through the components, wiring, and programming involved in creating your own line-following robot. It’s perfect for beginners interested in exploring Arduino and robotics.
The TCRT5000 5-way IR sensor module plays a critical role in detecting the line on the floor. Each sensor on the module emits infrared light and measures the amount of reflected light from the surface. When the light hits a black line, the reflection is minimal, and when it hits a white surface, more light is reflected. These differences in reflection help the robot determine its position relative to the line.
The Arduino receives input from the sensors and processes this data to control the L298N motor driver, which in turn adjusts the speed and direction of the motors to keep the robot on track.
Start by assembling the 2WD smart robot chassis. The chassis typically includes slots for attaching the motors and wheels. Secure the two DC motors onto the chassis, making sure they are properly aligned with the wheels.
Next, connect the components as follows:
Connecting the L298N Motor Driver:
Connecting the TCRT5000 IR Sensor Module:
The next step is to write the Arduino code that will process the sensor input and control the motors. Below is a simple example of Arduino code for a line-following robot using the TCRT5000 sensors and the L298N motor driver.
In this code:
Once the wiring and programming are complete, connect your battery pack to power both the motors and the Arduino. A 9V or 12V battery pack works well for powering both the Arduino and the motor driver, but make sure the voltage is compatible with your components.
Place your robot on a track with a clear black line on a white surface. Turn it on and observe how it follows the line. If necessary, adjust the speed and sensitivity of the robot by tweaking the code and adjusting the motor speeds.
Building a line-following robot using an Arduino Uno R3, L298N motor driver, TCRT5000 IR sensor module, and 2WD robot chassis is a fantastic way to dive into robotics and embedded systems. This project introduces key concepts like motor control, sensor integration, and Arduino programming. You can further enhance your robot by adding features such as obstacle detection or Bluetooth control for remote operation.
With this foundation, you can continue exploring more advanced robotics projects and modify your line-following robot to navigate more complex paths.
